The Manual Testers should has to find the bugs and defects using their creativity ideas and domain knowledge. But, it does require attention to detail and structured testing skills. The tester should play the role of end user where by the most of the application features to ensure correct behavior. These manual testing has to ensure that software applications meet the companies quality standard. The First step in manual testing is to analyze the requirements of software application system under test. This testing has some process given below.
Understanding the Requirements of the software
Test plan Creation
Write the test cases
Conduct the cases
Defect Logging
Defect fix
Reverification
Types of Manual testing
There are different types of manual testing based on how they are performed. We will discuss four common types here:
Functional Testing
Functional testing is a testing type to check the functional requirements and behavior of an application. It involves testing the individual functions and features of the software to ensure that they work correctly and meet the desired specifications. The main goal of functional testing is to validate that the application functions as intended and delivers the expected results. To conduct functional testing, you require full knowledge of functional specifications and input-output data. It further includes compatibility, regression, and integration testing within itself.
Black Box Testing
Black box testing focuses on testing the functionality and behavior of the software without knowing its internal structure, code or implementation details. The tester treats the application as a black box and they evaluate how the software handles various inputs and produces corresponding outputs.
User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
UAT focuses on evaluating the software’s functionality and usability from the end-user perspective. It involves testing the software in a real-world environment with actual users to ensure that it meets their requirements, business needs and expectations.
System Testing
System testing verifies and validates the behavior, functionality and performance of a complete and integrated software system. It is performed after component testing and integration testing ensuring that all system components work together as per expectations and meet the specified user requirements.
Benefits of Manual Testing
Cost Effective
More Flexibility
Useful for small and large projects
Easy to remove and add test cases
Easy for a fresher to implement
No need of Programming Experts
More reliable
Well able to identify underlying user issues
More focus on Complex problems
Lower cost in short term projects
Helpful in User Interface
Suitable for Exploratory, Usability and Ad hoc Testing
In Manual testing user/Tester, interacts more with the Application under test(AUT) then it easy to find defects and Tester can provide suggestions to the development team.
Drawbacks of Manual Testing
Maintaining Manual testers is expensive
Extremely Time consuming
Higher chances of Human Error
Not good for Performance testing
Considerable testing areas left uncovered
Less Accuracy
Executing same tests again and again time taking process
Not suitable for Large scale projects and time bounded projects
Graphical user interface object size difference and color combination etc., is not easy to find out in manual testing.
Actual load and performance is not possible to cover in manual testing for large number of users.
It is Platform dependent
Difficult to reuse
The Running Process is slow
Example of Manual testing
Testing the functioning of Shopping Cart
Validating the order process
Validating the Login page is working properly
Testing the correct data is displayed on the search results page
Testing the functioning of Ticket booking page
Validating the functioning of Online banking page
Validating the functioning of Bill payment page
Validating a Company Website and its product portfolio
End to end testing is the process of testing an entire software application, at the point at which you first open the software to completing all of the function with in it.
