🤓 Fun Fact
IPv6(newer version of IP) uses a 128-bit address space, providing an almost unimaginable number of unique addresses—approximately 340 undecillion (3.4 × 10^38).
Let’s get started!
0️⃣1️⃣ What?
IP stands for Internet Protocol. An IP address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device on a computer network.
0️⃣2️⃣ Types
IPv4:
The most common version with addresses like 192.168.1.1.
IPv6:
A newer version with longer addresses like 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.
0️⃣3️⃣ IPv4 Address Format:
Consists of four sets of numbers separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
Each set can range from 0 to 255 (8 bits).
0️⃣4️⃣ IPv4 Classes:
Class A:
Used for large networks, with the first octet reserved for network identification.
Range: 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0.
Class B:
Suitable for medium-sized networks. First two octets for network ID.
Range: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0.
Class C:
Used for small networks, with the first three octets for network ID.
Range: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.0.
Class D:
Reserved for multicast groups.
Class E:
Reserved for experimental purposes.
0️⃣5️⃣ IPv6 Address Format:
Composed of eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).
0️⃣6️⃣ IP Address Types:
Public IP Address:
Identifies a device on the internet.
Usually provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Private IP Address:
Used within a local network (e.g., home or office).
Defined by RFC 1918, with common ranges like 192.168.x.x, 10.x.x.x, and 172.16.x.x.
0️⃣7️⃣ Subnetting:
Subnet Mask:
A subnet mask defines the network and host portions of an IP address.
Common subnet masks include 255.255.255.0 for a Class C network.
0️⃣8️⃣ CIDR Notation:
Classless Inter-Domain Routing.
Allows specifying network prefixes using a slash notation (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24).
0️⃣9️⃣ Special IP Addresses:
Loopback Address:
127.0.0.1 for IPv4 (localhost).
::1 for IPv6.
1️⃣0️⃣ Broadcast Address:
Used to send data to all devices on a local network (e.g., 192.168.1.255).
1️⃣1️⃣ Default Gateway:
The device that connects your local network to the internet.
Typically ends with .1 (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
1️⃣2️⃣ Reserved Addresses:
Some IP addresses are reserved for special purposes (e.g., 0.0.0.0, 255.255.255.255).
1️⃣3️⃣ IP Address Assignment:
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol):
Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.
Static IP Address:
Manually configured and doesn’t change unless you modify it.
NAT (Network Address Translation):
Allows multiple devices in a local network to share a single public IP address.
1️⃣4️⃣ IP Version Transition:
Transition from IPv4 to IPv6:
Due to IPv4 address exhaustion, IPv6 adoption is increasing.
IPv6 provides a vastly larger address space.
1️⃣5️⃣ Common Private IPv4 Address Ranges:
Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
🙌 Final Thoughts
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